A laser is a highly focused and powerful beam of light energy, which can be used in medicine for very precise surgical work, such as repairing a damaged retina in the eye. It can also be used to cut through tissue (instead of using a scalpel) or to vaporize cancers of the cervix, larynx (voice box), liver, rectum, or skin.

Some surgeries can be made less invasive by using laser light. For example, with fiber optics the light can be directed to parts of the body without having to make a large incision.

Lasers are also used in a type of surgery called photoablation or photocoagulation. This type of surgery is often used to relieve symptoms, such as when large tumors block the windpipe or esophagus, causing problems with breathing or eating.

Purpose

Laser surgery is used to:

• Cut or destroy tissue that is abnormal or diseased without harming healthy, normal tissue
• Shrink or destroy tumors and lesions
• Cauterize (seal) blood vessels to prevent excessive bleeding.

Types of laser

• laser application
• advantage and disadvantage of surger
• normal and abnormal result